This is usually caused by a rendering intent conflict between color spaces. The most common case is when a transparent bitmap (like a PNG) is layered over a vector object, but that doesn’t seem to apply here since your background also looks like a bitmap.
More likely, the background was copied and pasted into a CMYK document, while the logo PNG was placed or linked as an RGB image. That would make the background CMYK and the logo RGB, a mismatch that causes rendering intent issues when compositing or exporting.
Try switching your document’s color mode to RGB and see if that resolves it. That will force both the background and the logo into the same color space, eliminating the conflict.