Among what is available from first tier font developers, the best bang for the buck is the font library included with Coreldraw and other Corel products like Corel Gallery 1,000,000 which I was able to get at Office Depot for about $50.
These fonts represent about 75% of the Bitstream library and a couple of hundred others from URW. Both of these companies went into bankruptcy in the early 1990's (from pirated clone collections) and have since emerged from that. Along the way, Corel got some great deals from them on fonts.
Something like this then becomes your core library and then you can purchase individual fonts or smaller collections as needed to add some variety.
No one puts out a nice printed catalog anymore. You can make your own with a variety of methods and software but you may find it to be a huge mistake to put a printed type catalog in front of a client. We use TypoGraf to satisfy that requirement, which allows us to preview uninstalled fonts in whatever text we want to see and either have the client sitting right there or printing out a short list to present later.