Printers are dumb, errors tend to be on really specific cases of when the right logic is tripped. The main errors for subtanks are overflow with the ink going to limit of sensor and time-outs where the ink valve is opened and the sensor doesn't make it to the high/full state in the allotted period of time. It doesn't know or care if things are in order, it basically 'assumes' things are installed correctly. Otherwise, the printer would have to fill and flush every channel and monitor float sensor status to verify each ink line was working with each float. Even then, the lines could still be installed wrong on the subtank. The stuff you're doing isn't in the 'user realm' and, as such, is far from user-friendly. That's why we techs (well, the smart ones, not me) charge the big bucks.
As for the float test procedure, there isn't one. Can test the sensors using a screwdriver in #TEST>Sensor mode. As far as the service modes disappearing after pressing Esc (END?), not sure what is going on there. Should have access to menus until you reboot, and you access those from the home screen by pressing FUNC1 and scrolling to the last 2 of the 5 pages.
Ink not filling can be related to ink lines, valves, or pressure/vacuum. Not really willing to put in a ton of time doing troubleshooting over a forum, could take days. If the sensors got installed, make sure the ink lines weren't installed wrong as well. Take some pictures too, those can be a big help.