The exporting country were never going to pay the the tariffs. Trump just lied. The person importing pays them then passes them on to the next customer.
I'm not sure why Americans found it hard to understand. Yes it brings money for the US government, but the US businesses having to import things are the ones paying it!
That is only one way that could be defined as "paying" for something. They could lose market share of the importing country, depending on how big that market share is in their ultimate course of doing business would determine if it's worth their bothering about it or not.
Did they lower their exporting cost in order to bare of some of that in order to still retain market share? Some people will probably automatically say no, but it's hard to say for sure. Prices would have gone up regardless, so the fact that it went up in of itself doesn't mean that the exporter didn't absorb any of the hit.
If I'm not mistaken, some companies have considered moving some operations here stateside to avoid tariffs. That must mean that there is some significant hits that they would incur if they remained overseas. I think Honda has moved more production of their Civic here versus Mexico directly related to tariffs. Audi/Porsche are evaluating coming here as well. Plus, the other countries aren't saints, they run their own tariffs as well, the question is, whose are actually worse?
Now, there are very few countries that have low tariffs (maybe a hand full, maybe a little more), I think there are some on there that rank really low with regard to GDP as well (not all). I'm unaware of us running any trade deficits with those, which is in stark contrast to the ones that we are bickering about in this thread. Problem that I have with trade deficits is that usually is offset with them being invested in something else. The importing country's agriculture, debt etc. I fundamentally do not think that it's best to be more consumers compared to producers. It really hasn't served us all that well over the years.
So there are quite a few other reasons why I would go with tariffs. Especially knowing that even with a full on 100% free trade arrangement, there are market failures. So nothing is without it's concern, it all depends on what one values over something else.