Standard lightbox
signs (not 'slimline') over here, which are mostly double sided are usually made from 6" aluminium extrusion, which puts the tubes only 2 1/2" away from the face. Single sided boxes have the tubes 4 1/2" -5" away from the face, depending on construction.
The faces are usually cast or extruded opal acrylic or high impact acrylic, giving excellent illumination with either translucent vinyl or double strike print.
Tubes we use these days are usually tri-phosphor daylights, spaced around 5-6"" centres.
Eg: a small 8' x 1' lightbox will usually have 4 x 4' flouros....a large 4' x 24' single sided wall mounted could have up to 48 tubes.
The boxes are almost always sprayed or powder coated white internally for reflection.
But the rule is the more space you have between face and tube the better. Large pylon mounted double sided, we like to have 12"-15" box (if possible) to give us 6" - 7" face to tube distance.